Monel alloys are very difficult to machine as it workhardens very quickly, needs to be turned and worked at slow speeds and low feed rates. Monel is an alloy of copper and nickel, discovered by robert crooks stanley in the year 1901. Like monel 400, alloy r405 is resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures as well as to salt and caustic solutions. A comparison of the properties of corrosionresistant. It also has good ductility and thermal conductivity. Some alloys are listed under more than one element, since the composition of the alloy may vary such that one element is present in a higher concentration than the others. Engineering alloys can be broadly divided into ferrous alloys and nonferrous alloys metal global demand tonnes, x.
This list is not exhaustive, nor does it necessarily reflect the commercial importance of the various. Virtually nonmagnetic, even at quite low temperatures exceptionally good dimensional stability resistant to a sourgas environment excellent corrosion resistance together with increased strength and hardness of that of alloy 400 monel alloy k500 special metals popular monel k500 is a unique nickelcopper superalloy and offers many of the benefits of monel 400, but with strength. Metals are alloyed to enhance their properties, such as strength, hardness or corrosion resistance, and to create new properties, such as shape memory effect. Alloy 400 has been widely used in many applications but has been particularly useful in marine and. We stock alloy 400 sheets from the best mills in the world. Precipitation hardening in nickelcopper base alloy monel.
Monel 400 is also known as phyweld 400 and nicorros lc. High performance age hardenable nickel alloys solve problems in. Technical data sheet alloy k500 corrosion materials. Fabrication alloy 400 is easily fabricable by following the standard methods. In marine work when monel is mentioned they mean any of the aprox 7030 nicu alloys. So what does that mean for your extreme application. We will take a look at a sidebyside comparisons of these two alloys to help you better understand which is best for your challenging application. Compared to steel, monel is very difficult to machine as it workhardens very quickly.
The big problem is that the alloys resist the etchants just as they do the corrosive conditions. Specialty alloys with high resistance to corrosion have challenged many laboratories to refine the way they etch alloy samples for microstructural evaluation. Pdf microstructure and selected properties of monel 400 alloy. Monel, any of a group of nickelcopper alloys, first developed in 1905, containing about 66 percent nickel and 31. Two nicu alloys, monel k500 and fm60, with various contents of ti. Typical mechanical properties of high performance nickel alloys used in oil country applications are shown in table 2. Alloy 400 has been widely used in many applications but has been particularly useful in marine and chemical processing. Limiting chemical composition of nickelbased alloys weight %. Materials monel, ss 316, c276, brass, titanium, mesh. High alloy low carbon monel almost from the very beginning. These alloys can also contain small amounts of iron, carbon, silicon and manganese.
Pickling of monel 400 alloy the pickling of alloy 400 produces vivid and clean alloy surface. Precipitation hardening in nickelcopper base alloy monel k 500 g. The common forms of monel 401 alloy are strip and wire. Mar 24, 2016 monel is a specific alloy group from the early 20th century that is of nickel and copper.
Jul 30, 20 monel 401 is designed for use in special electric and electronic applications. Nickel alloys work harden rapidly, and the high pressures produced during machining cause a hardening effect that slows further machining and may also cause warping in small parts. The use of monel alloys in the oil and gas industry. Jiangsu nickel alloy has manufactured specialty metal, alloy, and hardtolocate materials to these markets since 1998. Corrosion materials is a global leader in specialty nickel alloys. An aid for specifying cost effective materials for demanding applications revision 1, august 30, 2005 commercially pure c. The age hardened material is finish machined to conceal the lenience and for better finishes of alloy. The most common grades of monel are monel 400, monel 405, and monel k500, each with their own unique properties. Additional data on hardness of various tempers of sheet and strip are in table 5. Resistant to both steam and seawater, its toughness and anticorrosive properties make it perfect for heavy duty. Precipitation hardening in nickelcopper base alloy monel k 500. Mukhopadhyay the occurrence of a significant amount of age hardening, due to the precipitation of the y phase, has been demonstrated in the nickelcopper base alloy monel k 500. The alloy has excellent resistance to a variety of corrosive environments from mildly oxidizing through neutral and in moderately reducing.
This datasheet will look into the chemical composition, properties and applications of monel 401 alloy. Alloy k500 data sheet quick facts typical applications are fasteners and springs for marine, pump and valve components for oil and gas and chemical processing, valve stems, drill collars, propellers, shafts and impellers. Alloys with copper contents 60% or more are called cupronickel. Typical applications for k500 alloy are chains and cables, fasteners, springs for marine service, pump and valve parts for chemical processing, doctor blades, oil and gas and more. Monel nickelcopper alloy 400 uns n04400 chemical composition. High tensile strength nickelcopper alloy highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, salt water and a variety of acid and alkaline solutions. Microstructure and mechanical properties of nicu alloys fabricated. Alloy 400 data sheet uns n04400 alloy 400 uns designation n04400 is a nickelcopper solid solution alloy with high strength over a wide temperature range. Monel alloys are used for coinage 25% nickel, 75% copper, industrial plumbing.
It stands out for its corrosion resistance and high strength even at elevated temperatures. Monel is a group of nickel alloys, primarily composed of nickel from 52 to 67% and copper, with small amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon. Alloy k500, commonly referred to as k monel, is a precipitation hardenable, nickelcopper alloy. Alloy performance guide rolled alloys rolled alloys 2 rolled alloys strength of a company lies in the strength of its people. Nickel alloy, high temperature alloy, alloy lumetta, inconel.
They can be fabricated readily by hot and coldworking, machining, and. The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect. Reproduction of this site in whole or part is prohibited without the expressed permission of high performance alloys, inc. Monel k500 alloy k500, uns n05500 shaped, flat, square, round, fine wire, plated and unplated astm b865, ams 4676, qqn286 alloy k500 description alloy k500 is a nickel copper alloy which combines the excellent corrosion resistance of alloy 400 with the added advantages of greater strength and hardness. Figures 2 and 3 are based on typical data that show relationships between properties of rods and forgings and.
Maximum allowable design stresses for most ofthe alloys used in chemical plant equipment are published in. Nickel and cobalt superalloys monel 400 monel k500 inconel 625. The dealloying that occurs in this system is very similar to that occurring in cuzn or cual systems, with the lower anodic overpotential of the ni being compensated by its larger concentration in the alloy. Hardened nickel copper alloy which combines the excellent corrosion resistance of monel 400 with distinctly. Cu naturally occurs in the goround with ni and the alloy was a natural, and one of the first to be utilized for corrosive service. The second study used monel 400 in various conditions of cold work, exposed to copper ii sulfate solutions. Metal alloys most engineering metallic materials are alloys. We offer nearly sixty years of experience and expertise working with specialty alloys. Nickel alloy, high temperature alloy, alloy lumetta. Monel is a group of nickel alloys, primarily composed of nickel up to 67% and copper, with small amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon. Alloy 20 is a declarative modeling language based on firstorder relational logic. Inconel alloys are oxidation corrosionresistant materials well suited for.
Monel 400 is a solid solution nicu alloy that can be hardened by cold processing and. The basics put simply, monel is a midrange specialty alloy. Monel, which comes in five different forms plate, sheet, tube, pipe, pipe fittings, round bar, and wire, is a nickel alloy that contains roughly 70% nickel, 29% copper, and a small mix of iron, manganese, silicon, and carbon. This solidsolution alloy can be hardened by cold working, and it benefits from high strength and toughness. Using colddrawn stressrelieved material is preferable for. Monel alloy 400 wire online catalogue source supplier of.
Assuming that the conversion from kilogrammemetres per square centimetre to footpounds is an arithmetical possi. Boron addition in monel 400 surface results in microhardness. We have strong study and manufacture strength of electronic grade nickel, precision, refractory metal and alloy. High performance age authors hardenable nickel alloys. It is resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures, as well as salt, caustic solutions, alkalis, and sulfuric, hydrochloric, and hydrofluoric acids. It is based on nickel 6570% and copper 2029% and also contains iron and manganese 5% and other compounds.
Newman umist, corrosion and protection centre sackville street, po box 88 manchester, m60 1qd, uk the relationship between dealloying and stress corrosion cracking of solidsolution alloys is well established. Monel alloy 400 2 table 3 thermal properties of monel alloy 400 the nominal roomtemperature tensile properties of monel alloy 400 are shown in table 4. Alloys, and asm metals handbook volume 9, metallography and microstructures. The chemical composition of monel 401 alloy is given in the following table. Monel 400 is well known for its high strength and corrosion resistant properties. In addition to its corrosion resistance, alloy 690 has high strength, good metallurgical stability, and favorable fabrication characteristics. Flue gas from another nickel converter containing 5% so2. Highperformance age hardenable nickel alloys solve. Highperformance alloys for resistance to aqueous corrosion. Hightemperature mechanical properties of a zirconiummodified, precipitationstrengthened nickel 30 percent copper alloy by john d. Valves, pumps, seals, springs, and heat exchangers.
Monel 400 alloy uns n04400 alloy 400 uns n04400 is a ductile nickelcopper alloy with resistance to a variety of corrosive conditions. An alloy is a material made by melting one or more metals together with other elements. A nickelcopper alloy with high strength and excellent corrosion resistance in a range of acidic and alkaline environments and especially suitable for reducing conditions. Money alloy 400 is made with roughly the same proportions of nickel and cooper as would be found naturally in nickel ore. Ingots are sold and distributed to downstream processors who remelt the superalloys into products used within. Precipitation strengthening in nicu alloys fabricated using. Regular monel metal castings are of the composition type 1, table i.
Although there are several variations of the hastelloy nickel alloy, hastelloy c276 is by far the most widely used. This alloy has a moderate proportional limit, is soft and ductile, and nossesses a resistance to impact superior to that of many. The increased properties are obtained by adding aluminum and titanium to the nickelcopper base, and. Monel alloy distributor in the usa a metal source, llc is a distributor of various monel alloy grades and conditions in any size or form. Alloy c276 is widely used in the most severe environments such as chemical processing, pollution control, pulp and paper production, industrial and municipal waste treatment, and recovery of sour natural gas. The nominal compositions for each of these alloys are provided in table 1.
It has been explored by the mde community for the purpose of analyzing umlocl models 1, 6, 26. Monel r405 is the free machining version of monel 400. In my really old books monel refers to specific inco brand name alloys, but i guess now it is like calling any similar milling machine a bridgeport or any gtaw machine a heliarc. The alloy is most frequently specified in environments ranging from mildly oxidizing through neutral and in moderately reducing conditions. Inconel is a registered trademark of special metals corporation for a family of austenitic nickelchromiumbased superalloys. It is a nickelcopper alloy with a controlled amount of sulfur added to provide sulfide inclusions that act as chip breakers during machining. Hlavni cinnosti teto firmy je prodej kovovych materialu, zejmena titanovych, niklovych slitin a jinych exotickych kovu jako je napr. Monel 404 has a relatively high copper content, hence is suitable for electric and electronic applications. Monel, inconel, stainless steel round bar, sheet plate. Typical mechanical properties of highperformance nickel alloys used in oil country applications are shown in table 2. Astm b366 monel buttweld pipe fittings manufacturer, exporter, supplier monel elbow, monel tee, monel reducer, monel end caps, monel cross manufacturer an iso 9001.
The standard forms in which monel alloys are available are hexagon, flats, forging stock, tube and pipe. The corrosion resistance of nickelcontaining alloys in sulfuric. The effect of melt superheat on microstructure of al4fe2mn1. Alloy 400 is a single phase, solidsolution alloy that offers superior resistance to many corrosive environments over a temperature range from subzero to 800f. At rolled alloys, our people are the core of our company. We produce the highest quality materials available in forms such as. Monel alloys supplier monel alloy bar stainless shapes. A comparison of the properties of corrosionresistant alloys and titanium. Pdf this study concentrates on describing effects of laser heat. The corrosionresistant alloy is widely used in the marine, oil and chemical processing industries. Monel or alloy 400, is a nickel alloy containing 6570 percent nickel, 2029 percent copper, and small amounts of iron, manganese, silicon and carbon discovered due to the efforts of robert crooks stanley, who worked for the international nickel company inco in 1901. Used in marine engineering, chemical and hydrocarbon processing equipment, valves, pumps and heat exchangers. Mukhopadhyay the occurrence of a significant amount of age hardening, due to the precipitation of the y phase, has been demonstrated in the nickelcopper base alloy monel k. Dealloying of stainless steel and monel benjamin lynch, jane deakin, steven m.
As nickel and copper are mutually soluble in all proportions, it is a singlephase alloy. Jul 30, 20 there are a number of monel alloys available commercially including monel 400, 401, 404, r405, 450 and k500. Stronger than pure nickel, monel alloys are resistant to corrosion by many agents, including rapidly flowing seawater. Nicu alloys, also known as monel alloys, are widely used in marine industry due. These materials are widely used in power plant, petro. It works in a wide range of temperatures, and is available in multiple forms for a variety of products. Ball research metallurgist, the mond nickel company ltd. Although langley alloys supply alloy k500 in all conditions, we predominantly supply material in the hot worked and precipitation treated condition. This alloy has the corrosion resistance of monel 400 alloy together with greater strength and hardness. Many of the highnickel alloys can be strengthened by solid solution hardening, carbide precipitation,precipitation age hardening and by dispersion strengthened powder metallurgy. Abstract in this paper the author describes the welding of monel and the heattreatable modification known as k monel. Aug 11, 2014 monel, which comes in five different forms plate, sheet, tube, pipe, pipe fittings, round bar, and wire, is a nickel alloy that contains roughly 70% nickel, 29% copper, and a small mix of iron, manganese, silicon, and carbon.
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